Ib leeg siv lead ua sapphire yog ib yam khoom uas muaj siab hardness, zoo heev chemical stability thiab optical transparency hla ntau wavelength. Vim cov txiaj ntsig zoo no, nws tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam suav nrog kev kho mob, engineering, khoom siv tub rog, aviation, optics.
Rau kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kab uas hla loj ib leeg siv lead ua sapphire, Kyropoulos (Ky) thiab Czochralski (Cz) txoj kev yog siv. Cz txoj kev yog siv dav siv ib qho kev loj hlob siv lead ua txheej txheem uas alumina melted nyob rau hauv lub crucible thiab ib tug noob yog rub; cov noob yog tig ib txhij tom qab hu rau lub molten hlau nto, thiab Ky txoj kev yog tsuas yog siv rau ib tug siv lead ua kev loj hlob ntawm loj txoj kab uas hla sapphire. Txawm hais tias nws lub cub tawg yooj yim zoo ib yam li Cz txoj kev, cov noob siv lead ua tsis tig tom qab hu rau lub molten alumina, tab sis maj mam txo cov cua sov kom tso cai rau ib qho siv lead ua kom loj hlob los ntawm cov noob siv lead ua. Peb tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub kub hauv sapphire rauv, xws li tungsten crucible, molybdenum crucible, tungsten thiab molybdenum heat shield, tungsten heating element thiab lwm yam khoom tshwj xeeb zoo li tungsten thiab molybdenum.
